I watched (and probably fell asleep to) The Curse of Frankenstein on TCM several nights ago. I love the Hammer films, but I don't think any of their classic horror ever truly scared me. They're more like horror comfort food, or something to be admired, than something actually scary.
So what did scare me in those impressionable years? The Roger Corman films based on Poe stories hit me in just the right place for that. The first three or four of them truly did it, and I loved them for that and many other reasons. Those are favorites to this day.
Also back then: Mario Bava's Black Sunday and Black Sabbath, William Castle's Sardonicus, Strait-Jacket and The Night Walker, and my first time seeing Psycho which was in a re-release. Returning to Hammer, I was appropriately unnerved by their "psychological horror" films whose titles escape me at the moment. Likewise, the American ones such as Robert Aldrich's Baby Jane and Charlotte. Those were truly scary to me then, and I still love all of them now.